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Java

This paper is on the Java programming language. It had been specially created to be utilized in the web environment. The paper briefly defines the essence of Java, describes the most important facts from its history, and touches upon its main competitor, namely C++, which is considered more complicated. With the help of Java itÕs possible to write programs, used on one PC or accessed by a number of servers or users of the local network or web. Lately, more and more people learn Java programming language online, because it is cheaper, time-saving and convenient.

Launched in 1995 as the base element Sun Microsystem's platform, Java is known as a programming language primarily created Sun Microsystems Company. It has a lot in common, especially in regard to its notation system, with other programming languages, like C and C++. Java however is endowed with a less complicated object model and not so many low-level facilities. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture (Gosling, 1997).

In June 1991 James Gosling designed the Java programming language. First it was given the name ÒOakÓ, inspired by the actual oak tree near JamesÕ; then it was renamed into ÒGreenÓ and after some time into final variant, known nowadays - the Java Ð by means of random selection. Gosling intended to realize a virtual machine and a language which had a syntax system, similar with C/C++ (Byous, 2003). In 1995 Java was first implemented under 1.0 version. It slogan was "Write Once, Run Anywhere" (WORA), securing free runtimes on popular platforms (Bank, 1995). JavaÕs peculiarity was sufficient stability, which could be individually adapted, enabling to limit web or data access. It caused most web browsers to integrate the possibility to implement stable Java applications within Internet pages. Thus, it gained a lot of adherents. After Java 2 appeared, the applets have become still more configurable, they could be created according to a series of platforms.

In 1997, Sun Microsystems approached the ISO/IEC JTC1 standards body and later the Ecma International to formalize Java, but it soon withdrew from the process (Mathis, 2000). Java is the actual standard programming language managed by means of Java Community Process. The Sun company is divided into Software Development Kit (SDK) and Runtime Environment (JRE) that is a subset of the SDK, the primary difference being that the JRE does not have the compiler, utility programs and other required header files (Egyedi, 2001).

November 13 2006, in accordance with the GNU General Public License (GPL) Sun launched a series of no-cost software. Later On 8 May 2007 the company provided the access to all Java's core code, except for the minor code part to which the company had no the exclusive right (Feizabadi, 1996).

Many tend to compare Java with C#, sometimes considering them to be competitors. Since the two are both garbage-collected runtime-compiled languages with syntax derived from C and C++ (Venners, 2004), Java and C# have a lot of similar features. They have their own advantages and disadvantages, where C# is considered to be the ÒcrossbreedÓ of C++ and Java Ð to gain extra characteristics and alterations.

Lately in many higher institutions, Java is learned as the basic programming language due to its wide choice to be utilized in various applets. The more countries approve the purpose environment for those programs, the more developed and innovated the applets and information home electronics are. However it is also possible to learn Java online. This is cheaper, time-saving plus all the necessary information is at hand.

Java is known as the programming language intended to create applications accessed through Internet and implemented as regards web browsers. For the program used on the basis of Java Platform, there must be available the JRE. Also, it is required to implement the JVM, namely by way of execution of the Java libraries byte codes and ÒthirdÓ programs, as well as plugins, allowing programs applets to be applied in browsers.



This announcement concerns a network of 30 websites being built for the following goals:

- Integrating newly obtained knowledge and techniques into Joomla
- Testing 30 different web directories
- Gathering links with applicable material for the purpose of collecting material for a number of websites.

Goals:
-Liquidate 15 of the 30 websites in this network by the end of April, 2008 after moving the material on those 15 websites to the remaining 15. The 15 domains will be redirected to proper websites.
-Liquidate 10 more websites, leaving 5 websites with 2-3 months worth of material from 25 websites by the end of May, 2008.

concerning this website:

topics, goals and notes:
We'll be testing and rating mac, linux, widows and server based software.
Which CMS is best for you?
Wiki ratings
Browsers currently being used.
Which web-browsers are gaining popularity and why?
List of web browsers with explanations
List of CMSs with explanations
Proxy servers
Keeping your privacy online
Web directories
Mac players / subtitles


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